Lymphedema is a condition that can occur following breast cancer treatments. After surgery and radiation therapy, swelling of the arm or chest area may appear—this is known as lymphedema. What is it exactly? It is a chronic condition characterized by a protein-rich edema (swelling), resulting from the lymphatic system's inability to drain lymph (a protein-rich fluid) from the tissues.
How Does Lymphedema Develop?
Depending on various approaches and conditions, breast cancer surgery often involves removing one or more lymph nodes in the chest or underarm area. One of the lymph nodes’ roles is to facilitate lymph circulation and allow it to return to the venous system. They are an essential part of the lymphatic system and lymph drainage.
According to research and literature reviews, the risk of developing arm lymphedema after breast cancer treatment varies between 5% and 40%. Several factors explain why this risk varies across studies. The greater the number of lymph nodes removed during surgery (five or more), and the larger the area and intensity of radiation therapy, the higher the risk of developing lymphedema.
Additionally, when radiation therapy (which irradiates tissues such as the breast or underarm) is combined with surgery, the risk of developing lymphedema increases.
However, there is good news: according to an article by Adam Smeltz published in the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review in 2014, researchers estimated the risk of developing lymphedema after breast cancer treatments at 15%, a significant decrease from the 30% risk reported 15 years earlier.
It is important to note that in the vast majority of cases (over 90%), lymphedema appears within two years following breast cancer treatments.
Lymphedema Prevention and Treatment: What Can Be Done?
Early intervention by a professional trained in lymphedema management is essential to prevent or limit its development. Physiotherapy and massage therapy offer effective approaches to reduce swelling and improve quality of life.
Among the recommended treatments, combined decongestive therapy is the most effective. It includes various techniques, such as manual lymphatic drainage, compression bandaging, and tailored exercises to promote circulation and reduce complications.
Consulting a professional as soon as the first symptoms appear helps optimize results and better control the condition. Book an appointment by phone at a clinic near you today 1-855-743-9872.
Published on November 25, 2019 – Updated on March 5, 2025.
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